列布局（Columns）
借助我們的彈性盒子網(wǎng)格系統(tǒng)，了解如何使用一些用于對(duì)齊、排序和偏移的選項(xiàng)來修改列。另外，請(qǐng)參閱如何使用列類來管理非網(wǎng)格元素的寬度。
工作原理
-
列構(gòu)建在網(wǎng)格的彈性盒子體系結(jié)構(gòu)上。 彈性盒子意味著我們可以在行級(jí)別更改單個(gè)列和修改列組。您可以選擇列的增長(zhǎng)、收縮或其他更改方式。
-
在構(gòu)建網(wǎng)格布局時(shí)，所有內(nèi)容都列在列中。 Bootstrap程序網(wǎng)格的層次結(jié)構(gòu)從容器到行到列再到內(nèi)容。在極少數(shù)情況下，您可能會(huì)將內(nèi)容和專欄結(jié)合起來，但要注意，可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生意想不到的后果。
-
Bootstrap包括預(yù)定義的類，用于創(chuàng)建快速、響應(yīng)的布局。 每個(gè)網(wǎng)格層有六個(gè)斷點(diǎn)和十幾列，我們已經(jīng)為您構(gòu)建了幾十個(gè)類來創(chuàng)建所需的布局。如果您愿意，可以通過Sass禁用此功能。
對(duì)齊
使用flexbox對(duì)齊實(shí)用程序垂直和水平對(duì)齊列。
垂直對(duì)齊
<div class="container">
<div class="row align-items-start">
<div class="col">
One of three columns
</div>
<div class="col">
One of three columns
</div>
<div class="col">
One of three columns
</div>
</div>
<div class="row align-items-center">
<div class="col">
One of three columns
</div>
<div class="col">
One of three columns
</div>
<div class="col">
One of three columns
</div>
</div>
<div class="row align-items-end">
<div class="col">
One of three columns
</div>
<div class="col">
One of three columns
</div>
<div class="col">
One of three columns
</div>
</div>
</div><div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col align-self-start">
One of three columns
</div>
<div class="col align-self-center">
One of three columns
</div>
<div class="col align-self-end">
One of three columns
</div>
</div>
</div>水平對(duì)齊
<div class="container">
<div class="row justify-content-start">
<div class="col-4">
One of two columns
</div>
<div class="col-4">
One of two columns
</div>
</div>
<div class="row justify-content-center">
<div class="col-4">
One of two columns
</div>
<div class="col-4">
One of two columns
</div>
</div>
<div class="row justify-content-end">
<div class="col-4">
One of two columns
</div>
<div class="col-4">
One of two columns
</div>
</div>
<div class="row justify-content-around">
<div class="col-4">
One of two columns
</div>
<div class="col-4">
One of two columns
</div>
</div>
<div class="row justify-content-between">
<div class="col-4">
One of two columns
</div>
<div class="col-4">
One of two columns
</div>
</div>
<div class="row justify-content-evenly">
<div class="col-4">
One of two columns
</div>
<div class="col-4">
One of two columns
</div>
</div>
</div>列換行
如果一行中放置的列數(shù)超過12列，則每組額外列將作為一個(gè)單元換行。
Since 9 + 4 = 13 > 12, this 4-column-wide div gets wrapped onto a new line as one contiguous unit.
Subsequent columns continue along the new line.
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-9">.col-9</div>
<div class="col-4">.col-4<br>Since 9 + 4 = 13 > 12, this 4-column-wide div gets wrapped onto a new line as one contiguous unit.</div>
<div class="col-6">.col-6<br>Subsequent columns continue along the new line.</div>
</div>
</div>列拆分
在flexbox中將列拆分為新行需要一個(gè)小技巧：添加一個(gè)寬度為100%的元素，無論您想在哪里將列換到新行。通常這是通過多個(gè).row來完成的，但不是每個(gè)實(shí)現(xiàn)方法都能解釋這一點(diǎn)。
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-6 col-sm-3">.col-6 .col-sm-3</div>
<div class="col-6 col-sm-3">.col-6 .col-sm-3</div>
<!-- Force next columns to break to new line -->
<div class="w-100"></div>
<div class="col-6 col-sm-3">.col-6 .col-sm-3</div>
<div class="col-6 col-sm-3">.col-6 .col-sm-3</div>
</div>
</div>您也可以使用我們的響應(yīng)顯示實(shí)用程序在特定斷點(diǎn)處應(yīng)用此中斷。
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-6 col-sm-4">.col-6 .col-sm-4</div>
<div class="col-6 col-sm-4">.col-6 .col-sm-4</div>
<!-- Force next columns to break to new line at md breakpoint and up -->
<div class="w-100 d-none d-md-block"></div>
<div class="col-6 col-sm-4">.col-6 .col-sm-4</div>
<div class="col-6 col-sm-4">.col-6 .col-sm-4</div>
</div>
</div>重新排序
排序類
使用.order-類控制內(nèi)容的視覺順序。這些類是響應(yīng)的，因此您可以按斷點(diǎn)設(shè)置順序（例如，.order-1.order-md-2）。包括對(duì)所有六個(gè)網(wǎng)格層的1到5的支持。
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col">
First in DOM, no order applied
</div>
<div class="col order-5">
Second in DOM, with a larger order
</div>
<div class="col order-1">
Third in DOM, with an order of 1
</div>
</div>
</div>還有響應(yīng)的.order-first和.order-last類，它們分別通過應(yīng)用order: -1和order: 6來更改元素的順序。這些類也可以根據(jù)需要與編號(hào)的.order-*類混合使用。
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col order-last">
First in DOM, ordered last
</div>
<div class="col">
Second in DOM, unordered
</div>
<div class="col order-first">
Third in DOM, ordered first
</div>
</div>
</div>列偏移
您可以通過兩種方式偏移網(wǎng)格列：我們的響應(yīng)式.offset-類和margin實(shí)用程序。網(wǎng)格類的大小與列匹配，而邊距對(duì)于偏移寬度可變的快速布局更有用。
偏移類
使用.offset-md-*類向右移動(dòng)列。這些類將列的左邊距增加*列。例如，.offset-md-4在四列上移動(dòng).col-md-4。
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div>
<div class="col-md-4 offset-md-4">.col-md-4 .offset-md-4</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-3 offset-md-3">.col-md-3 .offset-md-3</div>
<div class="col-md-3 offset-md-3">.col-md-3 .offset-md-3</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6 offset-md-3">.col-md-6 .offset-md-3</div>
</div>
</div>除了在響應(yīng)斷點(diǎn)處清除列之外，還可能需要重置偏移量。在網(wǎng)格示例中可以看到這一點(diǎn)。
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-5 col-md-6">.col-sm-5 .col-md-6</div>
<div class="col-sm-5 offset-sm-2 col-md-6 offset-md-0">.col-sm-5 .offset-sm-2 .col-md-6 .offset-md-0</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-6 col-md-5 col-lg-6">.col-sm-6 .col-md-5 .col-lg-6</div>
<div class="col-sm-6 col-md-5 offset-md-2 col-lg-6 offset-lg-0">.col-sm-6 .col-md-5 .offset-md-2 .col-lg-6 .offset-lg-0</div>
</div>
</div>外邊距實(shí)用類
通過在v4中遷移到flexbox，您可以使用諸如.me auto之類的邊距實(shí)用程序強(qiáng)制同級(jí)列彼此分離。
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div>
<div class="col-md-4 ms-auto">.col-md-4 .ms-auto</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-3 ms-md-auto">.col-md-3 .ms-md-auto</div>
<div class="col-md-3 ms-md-auto">.col-md-3 .ms-md-auto</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-auto me-auto">.col-auto .me-auto</div>
<div class="col-auto">.col-auto</div>
</div>
</div>獨(dú)立列類
.col-*類也可以在 .row外部使用，為元素提供特定的寬度。當(dāng)列類用作行的非直接子級(jí)時(shí)，將忽略填充。
<div class="col-3 bg-light p-3 border">
.col-3: width of 25%
</div>
<div class="col-sm-9 bg-light p-3 border">
.col-sm-9: width of 75% above sm breakpoint
</div>這些類可以與實(shí)用程序一起使用來創(chuàng)建響應(yīng)的浮動(dòng)圖像。如果文本較短，請(qǐng)確保將內(nèi)容包裝在.clearfix包裝器中以清除浮動(dòng)。
A paragraph of placeholder text. We're using it here to show the use of the clearfix class. We're adding quite a few meaningless phrases here to demonstrate how the columns interact here with the floated image.
As you can see the paragraphs gracefully wrap around the floated image. Now imagine how this would look with some actual content in here, rather than just this boring placeholder text that goes on and on, but actually conveys no tangible information at. It simply takes up space and should not really be read.
And yet, here you are, still persevering in reading this placeholder text, hoping for some more insights, or some hidden easter egg of content. A joke, perhaps. Unfortunately, there's none of that here.
<div class="clearfix">
<img src="..." class="col-md-6 float-md-end mb-3 ms-md-3" alt="...">
<p>
A paragraph of placeholder text. We're using it here to show the use of the clearfix class. We're adding quite a few meaningless phrases here to demonstrate how the columns interact here with the floated image.
</p>
<p>
As you can see the paragraphs gracefully wrap around the floated image. Now imagine how this would look with some actual content in here, rather than just this boring placeholder text that goes on and on, but actually conveys no tangible information at. It simply takes up space and should not really be read.
</p>
<p>
And yet, here you are, still persevering in reading this placeholder text, hoping for some more insights, or some hidden easter egg of content. A joke, perhaps. Unfortunately, there's none of that here.
</p>
</div>